Which of the following is an advantage of slow sand filters?

Which of the following is an advantage of slow sand filters?

• A. High operating costs
• B. Low maintenance costs
• C. Complex construction
• D. Frequent backwashing requirements

Answer: (B)

Slow sand filters are known for their effectiveness in water treatment, particularly in their low maintenance requirements. This is largely due to the design and operation of the system. Unlike other filtration systems that require frequent and intensive maintenance or operational adjustments, slow sand filters generally need less active management once they are properly established. The biological layer, known as the "schmutzdecke," which forms on the top of the sand bed, helps to naturally filter particulates and microorganisms, leading to lower operational demands. As a result, this contributes to their designation as having low maintenance costs. The other choices highlight aspects that are not typically associated with slow sand filters. High operating costs and complex construction do not apply, as these filters are usually built with simple materials and processes, making them more economically feasible in terms of both initial construction and ongoing operation. Additionally, slow sand filters do not require frequent backwashing, which is a maintenance activity commonly associated with rapid sand filters. Instead, they may require only occasional removal of the top layer of sand or light cleaning when the flow rate significantly decreases, further emphasizing their low maintenance nature.

Slow sand filters are known for their effectiveness in water treatment, particularly in their low maintenance requirements. This is largely due to the design and operation of the system.

Unlike other filtration systems that require frequent and intensive maintenance or operational adjustments, slow sand filters generally need less active management once they are properly established. The biological layer, known as the "schmutzdecke," which forms on the top of the sand bed, helps to naturally filter particulates and microorganisms, leading to lower operational demands. As a result, this contributes to their designation as having low maintenance costs.

The other choices highlight aspects that are not typically associated with slow sand filters. High operating costs and complex construction do not apply, as these filters are usually built with simple materials and processes, making them more economically feasible in terms of both initial construction and ongoing operation. Additionally, slow sand filters do not require frequent backwashing, which is a maintenance activity commonly associated with rapid sand filters. Instead, they may require only occasional removal of the top layer of sand or light cleaning when the flow rate significantly decreases, further emphasizing their low maintenance nature.